Daniel Kahneman (1934–2024) was an Israeli-American psychologist who won the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics (with Vernon Smith) for work on judgment and decision making under uncertainty — work done almost entirely with Amos Tversky. He was the first psychologist to receive the economics Nobel.
His career moved from perception and attention (Attention and Effort, 1973) to heuristics and biases (the 1974 Science paper), to prospect-theory (1979), to expert intuition debates with Gary Klein, to well-being research (experiencing vs remembering self). Thinking, Fast and Slow (2011) is the public synthesis.
Kahneman's System 1 / System 2 framing is a pedagogical fiction, not a neuroscientific claim — but it gave the field a shared vocabulary for fast error and slow laziness. He was openly skeptical of his own intuitions after decades studying bias, yet reported that knowing the biases did little to eliminate them; recognition of "cognitive minefields" was the realistic payoff.